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"My girlfriend dumped me because she says I 'wasn't there' when we made love. She's not the first to say this. I know something's wrong. Can hypnotherapy help me?"
Your sexual dysfunction means you engage in sex more as an observer than as a participant.
You hold yourself back from entering a trance state; you have difficulty "letting go."
There are several ways in which a qualified hypnotherapist can help you to conquer this problem. Before using hypnosis it is essential that you receive competent medical advice.
Hypnotherapy will have a particular focus depending on whether the problem is organic or psychological.
Organic sexual problems require medical intervention. Hypnotherapy may be used as an adjunct, for instance, in helping you to heal faster after an operation.
More frequently, sexual difficulties treated by a hypnotherapist concern psychological issues.
Since the process deals with your mind all sexual activity during hypnotherapy takes place only in your imagination.
What you learn through hypnotherapy is practiced privately elsewhere.
Hypnotherapy may be used to heighten your sensual involvement and to help you to be fully present while engaging in sex.
A common, effective use of hypnotherapy is to lower your anxiety.
The anticipation of failure (particularly for men anxious about their ability to have or to maintain an erection) brings on anxious feelings.
These in turn bring about the failure. Hypnotherapy ends this vicious circle and replaces the anticipation of failure with the certainty of success and confidence.
Traditional sex therapy methods are more readily accepted by you when in hypnosis because the conscious, judgmental, analytical part of your mind is temporarily set aside.
Your subconscious then absorbs the new, positive messages you've asked the hypnotherapist to create.
Precisely because hypnosis taps into the autonomic nervous system, a person can use it to improve or alter functions that normally happen without conscious control, e.g., a man's erection.
Charles, a 27-years-old former sailor and currently an electrician, consulted a hypnotherapist because he was too fearful to have sex with his wife.
They'd been married three years and had had sexual difficulties since the birth of their daughter eight months previously. Charles was afraid he'd been embarrassed once again if he tried to make love.
"Kim laughed at me the first time and now she just gives me a look of disgust." Why? Because he couldn't maintain an erection.
Charles felt humiliated and frustrated; he worried that he'd never again have satisfactory sex with his wife. His dream of fathering a son seemed unattainable.
He told the hypnotherapist that he had no problem masturbating when alone. This was a likely indicator that Charles' problem was psychological, not organic.
As was Charles' report that he always had a firm erection when having sex with the occasional housewife in whose home he was doing electrical work.
To be on the safe side, the hypnotherapist advised Charles to be examined by a medical specialist to be absolutely sure there was no organic cause for his ED.
The doctor confirmed that Charles' trouble was "100 per cent psychogenic," meaning that for some emotional or psychological reason, he could not maintain an erection.
Of course, the more Charles tried, and the more he worried, the more flaccid was his penis.
The hypnotherapist explained to Charles that hypnosis could be used to uncover the cause of his trouble, or to tackle the symptom, or both.
Charles, being the impatient type, and of course eager to end his humiliating experiences, opted for the "quick fix."
Over the course of three sessions of hypnotherapy, Charles relived successful love-making episodes from his younger years as a Navy "stud."
Then the therapist used a melding technique to encourage Charles to see himself (in his imagination, while hypnotized) from now on once again enjoying a full, firm erection well beyond the time needed to satisfy his partner.
Positive suggestions were also made by the hypnotherapist to Charles about his prowess, his confidence and his desirability to his wife.
For three months Charles and Kim had a wonderful sex life. Then he lost an erection just as foreplay had become hot and heavy.
Kim, hurt and disappointed, reacted with sarcasm. All Charles' fears and anxieties rushed back. He returned to the hypnotherapist.
This time Charles agreed to investigate the cause of his impotence.
The hypnotherapist used various approaches -- age regression, age progression (in which the "future" Charles was to explain how he'd conquered the problem) analogue symbolic imagery -- but nothing worked.
In a subsequent session, with Charles relaxed in hypnosis, the therapist told Charles he'd have a dream. His subconscious would provide this dream as a way, either directly or symbolically, to explain the origin of his impotence.
Three nights later Charles dreamed he was outside a factory. It was night time and the factory loomed dark and mysterious.
Charles felt a strong urge to scale the steel fence that surrounded the factory. Then he tried to find away in. All the doors were shut and padlocked. A security guard ("very scary, because he had my face," said Charles) told him to go away.
But Charles persisted in his eagerness to enter the factory. He ran from the guard, to the back of the building. Here was the loading dock. Charles saw a bulldozer there. He jumped into its cab and began to operate the controls.
The guard reappeared, feebly told Charles to get off the property, to go to his own place. In the distance, Charles could see a stately castle which he somehow knew belonged to him.
But his only interest was in the dark factory. The guard shrugged. Charles started up the bulldozer and charged the heavy machine toward the small back door of the factory.
As the bulldozer began to rumble forward, Charles awoke -- with a massive erection.
The dream puzzled Charles. But it enlightened the therapist. To him it revealed that Charles was in the grip of the Madonna/Whore complex.
This is the attitude that divides women into "good" and "bad." Thus, a man's wife and especially mother, are "good." Prostitutes, other men's wives and and women of ethnic groups other than the man's own, are "bad."
"Bad" women are exciting; "good" women are boring. Sex is forbidden with "good" women but possible with the "bad."
A man with this complex may have sex with his wife occasionally, or until she becomes a mother, or while a post-hypnotic suggestion lasts. But his heart is not in it. Neither is his penis.
However, with a "bad" woman he has no commitment, no respect. She is there to be used.
His conscience (the security guard) barely bothers him about penetrating the stranger (the dark factory) but, perversely, does prevent him enjoying "his" woman (the castle).
When Charles heard this explanation, he nodded in agreement. This was indeed his view. And that of his father, uncle and most of his friends. He had no serious interest in changing this outlook, especially since Kim had announced she was pregnant. The hypnotherapist's suggestion that Charles and Kim seek marriage counselling fell on deaf ears.
A lawyer we shall call Mathilde did seek help from a psychotherapist. She had told the referring doctor that she rarely had an orgasm. The truth was that Mathilde never had an orgasm -- with her husband.
She'd been faking it for years. But she had climaxed with previous boyfriends. Also during a two-night stand a few months ago.
Mathilde had been a speaker at a lawyers' convention a thousand miles from home. There she met Roger, a brooding electrical engineer who had been trouble-shooting the hotel's elevators.
"He was not particularly good-looking but he had these soft grey eyes," Mathilde confided to the therapist. She smiled. "He was brutal in bed."
Mathilde was mildly surprised to find herself telling the male therapist details she had not felt comfortable confiding to her female doctor.
There was no question of her wanting to leave the marriage. She loved her husband, had a marvellous life. All that was missing ws the joy of orgasm. It was something she yearned for.
Until she met Roger the lack of orgasms with her husband had not bothered her much. Mathilde had become used to pretending -- and to satisfying herself in secret.
The therapist faced two dilemmas:
i) perhaps, despite Mathilde's conscious denials, there was some problem between her and her husband
ii) the therapist usually worked with couples, not individuals, on such sexual challenges.
He decided that, given the husband was not present and would be unlikely to come to future sessions, he would work with Mathilde, and he would use hypnotherapy. If the outcome was successful, there would be no need to explore possible conflicts between husband and wife.
First the therapist explained a little about hypnosis and how it could help Mathilde. Her first session was devoted to her simply relaxing into hypnosis, and becoming familiar with how safe and peaceful it felt.
In Mathilde's second and third sessions of hypnosis the therapist suggested Mathilde silently relive an earlier experience of orgasm.
In her mind she was to take particular note of the physical and emotional feelings which allowed her to climax.
When the orgasm in her imagination was over she would open her eyes, though remain in hypnosis.
Then the therapist pointed out, and Mathilde confirmed, that she had been internally very relaxed just prior to making love. And that during foreplay and intercourse, she became "lost" in the pleasure.
The therapist asked Mathilde to again close her eyes and this time to imagine herself in bed with her husband. Again she could relive the details silently, no need to tell the therapist anything, except when the imagined lovemaking was over.
When Mathilde compared the earlier experience with how she felt when making love with her husband she immediately noticed her tension.
"I am not relaxed and I don't get lost in the act." Sometimes she thought about cases she was working on and at other times she focused on making sure her husband was satisfied.
In the next part of the session the therapist first gave Mathilde suggestions that she could allow herself to relax with her husband, that she could allow herself to climax with him.
The therapist again waited silently while Mathilde played the scene through in her mind.
When she signalled (with a broad smile) that the scene had reached a successful end, the therapist closed the session with positive suggestions about Mathilde allowing herself to be relaxed, focused on pleasure and allowed to climax when making love with her husband.
And so it was.
* * *
Hypnotherapy has also been used successfully to overcome other sexual problems such as overlubrication, exhibitionism, and to uncover the reason a client became a transvestite.
Before seeking help with a sexual difficulty it is important to be sure it really is a problem. For example, a man may go to a therapist because he believes he suffers from premature ejaculation. But if the man is married to a woman who dislikes sex, indeed "wants it over with as soon as possible," that's exactly what is happening, so where's the problem?
Twenty-five years old Eugene's problem was real enough: he could not become erect. A handsome, single, bus driver, Eugene had had several medical examinations; all the doctors had concluded there was no medical cause for his impotence.
At first, hypnotherapy did not help Eugene. He became more and more despondent about his failure, scared to date and unable to sleep at night.
The hypnotherapist had used approaches one or more of which usually resolve psychogenic impotence:
> positive suggestions
> aversive therapy
> satisfying imagery
> arm rigidity
But nothing worked.
The hypnotherapist finally decided to enlist the guidance of Eugene's subsconscious through finger signalling and direct relay of images in response to questions.
(With finger signalling -- also known as an ideodynamic technique -- a hypnotized person allows the subconscious to answer questions with predesignated fingers that represent "Yes," "No," "Don't Know," and "Not yet ready to answer").
This approach proved fruitful, although at first puzzling.
Hypnotherapist: "I'm going to ask your subconscious some questions. There's no need for you to think about the questions or the answers. Simply allow your subconscious to respond through the fingers it has selected.
You will probably feel a tingling begin in the finger that the subsconscious selects. Then it will lift as though of its own accord.
Now, I'd like to ask your subconscious if there is a purpose served by Eugene's impotence?"
[This question is often answered "yes" and subsequently leads to an explanation such as a desire to punish self or partner for some reason].
[Fimger responses are indicated with ( )].
Eugene: (No).
H: "Does the cause of the problem lie in Eugene's past?"
E: (Yes).
[This response steered the hypnotherapist along the wrong path. He took no account of the literalness with which the subconscious absorbs information. Consequently, the hypnotherapist understood the "Yes" response to mean that there was a specific event, a trauma or a message, that began Eugene's impotence. As was later revealed, the "cause in the past" referred, not to a particular event, but to an ongoing process.]
H: "Did the cause happen before Eugene was 20?"
E: (Yes).
H: "Did the cause happen before Eugene was 15?"
E: (Yes).
H: "Before 10?"
E: (No).
[Now the hypnotherapist, who erroneously assumes some single event happened, switches from finger responses to image responses].
H: "Okay. I'm going to ask the subconscious to present to your mind an image that is somehow connected to the problem we're dealing with."
E: "I'm in a shop. I don't know how old I am but a man picks me up. I'm very scared. He holds me to him. Someone else comes in and tells the man to put me down."
[The hypnotherapist thinks that it is possible something happened in the shop to subsequently cause Eugene to become impotent. However, further questioning reveals that Eugene sees little more than he has already reported. There appears to be no abuse, no negative messages (such as "You'll never be a man.")
The session is drawing to a close so the therapist reverts to ideomatic questioning. He decided to check the medical verdicts].
H: "Does the problem have any medical basis to it?"
E: [Long pause]. (No).
H: "Is there something physical that would help?"
E: (No).
H: "Is there something missing in Eugene's diet, or something he should not be eating or drinking?"
E: (Don't know/don't want to answer yet).
[Eugene snaps out of hypnosis, much to his own surprise. In previous sessions for other problems Eugene had enjoyed hypnosis so much he had been reluctant to emerge. He puts himself back into hypnosis].
H: "Okay. Our time is nearly up. I want to thank your subconscious for its help. I'm now asking it to provide you with a dream that will give you a strong indication on how to solve the problem that brought you here."
[Eugene once again snaps out of hypnosis].
H: "Wow. We're clearly close to something significant, otherwise you wouldn't come out so suddenly."
E: "I don't understand why. But while you were talking about me having a dream something floated into my mind: smoking."
H: [Incredulous]. "You smoke!"
E: "Yes, a lot."
H: "There you are. That's what your subconscious was telling us: the cause of your impotence is smoking! Have you stopped before?"
E: "Yes. For a while."
H: "And did you have erections okay then?"
E: [Thinks back]. "Yes, I did. I did."
[And the shop? Why did the subconscious throw that memory into Eugene's mind? Perhaps because the shop sold cigarettes.]
Copyright (c) 2005 Bryan M. Knight
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It's amazing enough that men now actually have the CHOICE to enlarge their penis. With pills, patches, and extenders, there is a penis enlargement method for just about anyone looking to add some extra size.
Many people who try penis enlargement pills also get a free online exercise guide designed for permanent penis growth. But wait, why did I bother buying the pills? The exercises were free… so do I even need the exercises? Anser: The value of the exercises comes from supplementing them with your pills.
A penis enlargement pill company should always provide its customers with access to an exercise manual. These exercises should be practiced for about 15 minutes daily. I will talk about them more soon but in general, they should be practiced along with your daily dose of the pills to bring bigger and faster results.
Ok but what exactly do the pills do? Answer: The ingredients of the pills will help rush blood to the penile region, while the exercises will slowly stretch the penis tissue over time. On a microscopic level, the exercises will make small tears in the tissue, and these small tears will then heal overnight. This ongoing process creates more length and thickness, and can be stopped at any time.
I don't have time to do exercises, can I just take the pills? Yes, but doing so will only give you better and bigger looking erections, and this is only temporary. They also help you get "on demand" erections, but the real long term benefits will come from your exercise routine.
Exercises like jelqing will take that added blood flow from the pills and slowly push it into new areas of the penis. Sometimes these areas have been cut off from normal blood flow. This may result from years of not doing special exercises, leading to poor circulation.
The truth is that millions of men suffer from sexual problems, while thousands of others are already improving their sexual health with the use of natural penis enlargement pills and exercises. Penis enlargement pills are not cheap, and should come with a free online exercise guide. For men wanting to seriously add some size and strength, combining a daily exercise routine with the pills is a great start.
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Why is being big so important? Does being well endowed really make a difference in the sexual life between you and your sexual partner(s)? In our lifestyle the answer seems to point to a huge YES. Is that the truth however? A decision was reached that the best way to find out is to ask the people to whom it matters most...the ladies. We asked several ladies ranging from teenagers to ladies in their 40’s, ladies that are with just one partner to ladies who are promiscuous, and found that the answers were rather surprising.
When speaking publicly about the subject of penises it seems that most of the women tended to get embarrassed or shy at the beginning of the conversation. Yet we noticed that as the conversation continued these same people overcame the shyness and embarrassment rather quickly. What surprised us right away was that all of the women said that yes, penis size does play a role in their sex life. However we also learned that it’s not usually a desire to come in contact with a big penis. In fact only one of the ladies indicated that she is always looking for the biggest penis, and that she has a difficult time with being aroused and achieving orgasm unless it is a larger than average penis. The other women mentioned that the visual aspect of a large penis can be very arousing, and yet when it came down to actually “doing the dirty” these women would back down as they would be in physical pain if it was too long or too wide. Most women reported that a fully erect penis at 7 inches in length and about 5 inches in girth (circumference) was just about perfect. In retrospect the ladies reported that a penis that was shorter than 5 inches with a girth of 3 inches or less was neither arousing nor very satisfying.
The average penis size for men is 5.5 to 7 inches in length and 4.75 inches in girth. That accounts for about 80% of males, regardless of race (The Alfred C. Kinsey Institute for Sex Research.) For those of us that are a part of this average, for most women our size is perfect. What distinguishes the sexual experience for a woman from one male to the next is more about the “motion in the ocean.” This does not only imply how well you move your penis inside her vagina, but starts as early as when you see her for the first time that day, to your demeanor and confidence in front of her (not arrogance, but confidence), the way that she was seduced, the foreplay, and finally the quality and quantity of orgasms that we are able to provide for them. Yet quantity is fickle where as quality is much more important, if you can tease her enough, touch the right places for the right amount of time in the right kind of way, and basically cause an orgasm that drains all from her, then you will create a memory in her that she will remember for the rest of her life.
Again size is not the key here, in fact one lady claimed that she made love with a guy whose penis was only about 4 inches, and yet the orgasm that she experienced with him, to this day, has not been outdone. This makes one wonder, what if the guys with the short penises are better in bed, only because they have realized that they must compensate for their lack of penis size and have learned to satisfy a woman using other methods than just their penises. On top of this, what if the average sized guys, or especially the larger sized men, learned the methods that the 4 inch guys used? It is clear that our sexual experiences would never be the same again. It would be like upgrading from a Geo Metro to a Dodge Viper. So let’s learn those methods, so that we can make sure that we never again leave our women unsatisfied.
To learn everything that there is to know about the art of making your women satisfied it would require reading a book that is thicker than your dictionary. So obviously we will not include all of it here. We would be able to give you some useful info, hints and pointers, from the point where you are both naked together. We decided to break the information down into several specific areas:
First we will discuss penis function and how we can improve on it.
Second we will look into finger and hands ability and how we can use them to stimulate her to the max.
Third we will go into tongue motion, and how we can make her have an unforgettable orgasm.
Lastly we will see other methods that could be used to make sure that she has an experience that will make sure you are win her medal as the best lover ever.
Penis function
Our penises are infamous for being unruly. During sexual intercourse, we tend to ejaculate way too soon, or not at all. Sometimes we can’t even get an erection, much less ejaculate. A few things to remember:
Do not attempt to create that amazing experience if you are drunk or high on drugs. It is not a problem to have a glass of wine or two, however being drunk or high does a couple of negative things.
It will be difficult to concentrate on what it is that you are doing.
You will probably have difficulty maintaining an erection, which would lead you to concentrate on doing everything you can to maintain that erection to make sure you achieve orgasm, and be less worried about her. On the other hand if you decide to concentrate on her, you would be prone to loose your erection and that will also keep you from achieving an unforgettable experience.
You will likely take much too long to achieve orgasm yourself and thus again create less of a pleasurable experience for her.
You may accidentally do things that are less than attractive, such as hiccupping, burping, farting, etc.
Caffeine and nicotine shrinks your veins not allowing as much blood flow, which includes your penis, making it less firm. So avoid products that have those, well in advance of the sexual session.
There are a couple of techniques and products that help you elevate your experience.
A technique known as the Kegel's PC exercise helps to give you rock hard erections, enable you to ejaculate further than you ever dreamed, and also give you incredible power to hold back the urge to ejaculate until you feel the desire to. A free guide can be found here: (http://www.enhancementresearch.com/penis_enhancement.htm)
Ribbed condoms will create an added friction and sensation inside the vagina.
Viagra (http://www.viagra.com), or any of its counterparts, can help create a session that lasts hours instead of minutes. However it does require a prescription and thus is not readily available.
There are a number of other things such as cock-rings, however they may not necessary be pleasurable. In fact many women reported them to be painful more than anything.
Fingers and Hands
The power of touch, specifically using the fingers and hands, is incredible. There are many ways to use your hands and fingers to stimulate and increase the level of excitement with the sense of touch.
Nipples are sensitive to the touch, try twisting them, pulling on them, rubbing the top of them, and rubbing around them. Nipples are sensitive so be careful to not over do it as that would turn the pleasure into some serious pain.
Breasts can create great sensations if properly squeezed. Grab a hold of the breast, positioning the hand closest to the body (farthest away from the nipple) and squeeze. You can squeeze the breasts harder than the nipple, but they are still tender so be careful when doing so.
The arms can be very stimulating to the woman, specifically the hairs on the arms. Glide slowly over the top of the arm, just barely touching the hairs. Certain parts of the arm will be more responsive than others, so it will probably take some time to master. It may also be necessary that she be already aroused before doing this, although some women respond to this anytime. We are not referring to her arm pit, which is probably ticklish. Doing this should rarely cause her to be ticklish.
Sensual massage is almost always erotic to any lady.
Use sensual oils, do not use cooking oils.
A book is not necessary, but can make it that much better. We recommend "Idiot's Guide to Sensual Massage"
Sensual massage is different from regular message, it is not used to get rid of the knots in the muscles (although it may.) This type of massage should be light pressure.
Scratching the scalp is also something that can drive a woman crazy (in a good sense.)
This is something that some women respond better to than others, although most do enjoy it.
Some spots are more sensitive than others.
Do not scratch too hard, as that can be very painful, have her tell you whether she wants it to be scratched harder or to let off a bit.
Although this feels good, it is also more relaxing than arousing so this may be better suited towards after both of you have “done your thing,” although sometimes this can also be very sensual.
Clitoral touching is definitely something that will turn her on.
Be sure not to over-sensitize the clitoris, that’s a great way to ruin the whole session.
Use some form of lubricant, whether it is natural, such as saliva or the lubricant from the vagina, or a chemical lubricant.
Use a circular motion around the clitoris, throwing in a few up and downs, and left and rights.
The butt hole can be either a good thing, or a very bad thing.
Don’t sneak it up on her; let her know what it is that you are planning on doing. If she says no, try it one more time later in the session, if she says no again then just let it go, until the next session at least.
Do not stick your finger inside the butt hole. Place your finger over the top of the butt hole and apply some pressure, making some small and slow vibrating movements.
Tongue motion
Ah yes, the almighty tongue. First of all using your tongue should not only be amazing for her, but also at least comfortable for you. If you feel even remotely grossed out because of the smell or taste of that person’s genitalia you will not be able to perform as well. Suggest a coed shower to start off your session. Offer to shampoo her genitalia, and make it a sexually arousing experience.
There are many ways to stimulate a woman with your tongue and we recommend a book for this as well. We like "Low Down on Going Down"
Sometimes your tongue may get tired but whatever you do, do not give up or stop. Use your fingers for a while (make sure they are lubricated or at least wet) until your tongue recovers a bit.
If you over-sensitize her clitoris, start slow and light again, and you should be able to slowly work your way back up, and get her to the “O” zone.
It is usually best to get her to climax while using both your fingers and your tongue. Move your tongue in a circular motion around the clitoris, clockwise if possible. At the same time your two fingers (lubricated or wet) should enter into her vagina. Use your pointer and middle fingers and apply some pressure to the top of the inside of her vagina, palm up. Toward the back you should notice a “ribbed” area. Apply some pressure and “vibrate” your hand back and forth. At the same time move your two fingers slowly back and forth alternating between the two fingers. This will usually send her into orgasm heaven.
Other Methods
There are several other methods that could be used, however these methods usually are best with approval from your partner. There are many different methods; we will list the most common ones:
Sex toys
Sex games
Whip cream, chocolate syrup, fruit, etc
Tying the hands, and maybe the feet to the bed posts
Obviously this list can be much longer, but we will leave it at that.
Hopefully you are full of ideas, are already panning your evening or next date. We hope that you realize that penis size is not always the most important thing that a woman looks for in a man, now go out there and enjoy your sex life.
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Testosterone deficiency, also known as hypogonadism, is a condition in which the testes are unable to produce enough testosterone to fulfill the body's needs. Testosterone deficiency has many possible causes, including genetic abnormalities, injury to the testes, and being on certain medications. Normal aging also may play a role in the decline of male testosterone levels. It is also known as low testosterone.
The testes produce testosterone regulated by a complex chain of signals that begins in the brain. This chain is called the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The hypothalamus secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to the pituitary gland in spurts, which trigger the secretion of leutenizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland. This hormone stimulates the Leydig cells of the testes to produce testosterone. Normally, the testes produce 4-7 milligrams (mg) of testosterone each and every day.
After puberty, testosterone production increases rapidly, and will decrease rapidly after age 50. Recent estimates show that approximately 13 million men in the United States experience testosterone deficiency and less than 10-percent receive treatment for the condition, which is growing in cultural acceptability.
Studies also have shown that some men with obesity, diabetes, or hypertension may be twice as likely to have low testosterone levels, though as stated, low testosterone and testosterone deficiency can be caused by taking certain medications, chemotherapy, infections and other basic causes.
Signs of testosterone deficiency depend on the age of onset and the duration of hormonal deficiency. Congenital testosterone deficiency is usually characterized by underdeveloped genitalia, and sometimes even undeterminable genitalia. Acquired testosterone deficiency that develops near puberty can result in enlargement of breast tissue (gynecomastia), sparse or absent pubic and body hair, and underdeveloped penis, testes, and muscle. Adults may experience diminished libido, erectile dysfunction, muscle weakness, hair loss, depression, and other common mood disorders.
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Today, here, and around the world, many people have considered having Cosmetic Surgery, or Plastic Surgery performed. Many more have had plastic surgery done, some with multiple procedures. Plastic Surgery, by definition, is a broad term for operative manual and instrumental treatment which is performed for functional or aesthetic reasons. Medical treatment for Facial injuries dates back over 4,000 years. The word "plastic" is a derivative of the Greek word plastikos meaning to mould or shape; however, contrary to common belief, the term “plastic surgery” is not related to modern plastics at all.
Cosmetic Surgery was first known to have been performed in Roman times. The Romans had the ability to perform simple procedures such as repairing damaged ears, in modern times referred to as Otoplasty, this is one of the most simple of procedures. One report discusses a patient getting his earlobes repaired after years of wearing heavy earrings. The excess lobes were trimmed and the hole sewn together. One of the more expensive plastic surgeries performed at the time, the removal of branding and scars, was a commonly executed procedure. Freed slaves paid a high price indeed for this type of surgery. It was felt that this common practice reduced the stigma of having been a slave in this ancient times.
In ancient India physicians were able to use skin graft reconstruction techniques as early as 800 B.C. From ancient times to the early nineteenth century, we find a living tradition of plastic operations of the nose, ear and lip. The Kangra (correctly pronounced as 'Kangada') district in Himachal Pradesh was most famous for its plastic surgeons. Some scholars are of the opinion that the word 'Kangada' is made from 'Kana + gadha' (ear repair). The British archaeologist Sir Alexander Cunningham (1814-93) had written about the tradition of Kangra plastic surgery procedures. We also have information that in the reign of Akber ,a Vaidya named Bidha used to carry out plastic operations in Kangra.
The Charaka-Sanhita and the Sushruta-Sanhita are among the oldest known manuscripts on Ayurveda (the Indian science of medicine). Chronologically speaking, the Charaka-Sanhita is believed to be the earliest work, and deals with medicine proper and containing a few passages on surgery. The Sushruta-Sanhita, a work of the early centuries of the Christian era, mainly deals with surgical knowledge rather than medicine. The extant Sushruta-Sanhita is, according to its commentator Dalhanacharya (of twelth century AD), a amendment by Nagarjuna. The original Sushruta-Sanhita was based on a series of lectures between Kashiraj Divodas (or Dhanvantari) and his disciples, Sushruta and others.
In 15th Century Europe, a man by the name of Heinrich von Pfolspeundt , a German physician and a member of the Teutonic Order of Knights was one of the first known Europeans to have performed cosmetic surgery. Dr. Pfolspeundt was one of the first doctors of the late medieval and early Renaissance period to take medical practices beyond the very crude conditions that had existed through much of the Middle Ages. During his time, a good number of German physicians, especially those in Strasbourg, helped to serve the advancement of the study of medicine. Dr. Pfolspeundt described a procedure to make a new nose for a person who lacks one. He stated that by removing skin from the back of the arm and suturing it into place a new nose could be created.
From Italy we have records that would indicate that in the year 1442, Branca, a surgeon of Catania in Sicily, carried out plastic surgery of the nose, Also known as rhinoplasty, using a skin flap from the face. This procedure was very similar to the one described in the Sushruta-Sanhita, an Ayurvedic compendium composed in the early centuries of the Christian era. His son Antonio continued his work and was the first known to use a skin flap from the arm for reconstructing the nose. The Boinias family carried on with his work. The plastic operations carried out by the Boinia brothers are described in a book published in 1568 by Fioravanti, a doctor of Bologna, Italy.
At the hands of Gasparo Tagliacozzi (1546-99), a professor of surgery and of anatomy at the Bologna University, that plastic surgery attained wide fame in Europe. His book De curtorum chirurgia per insitionem (The surgery of defects by implantation), printed in 1597, was the first scientific composition on plastic surgery. Tagliacozzi had described a method of substitution of the nose by skin from the arm and of replacement of the ears and lips, demonstrating his work throughout his manuscript by way of a large number of illustrations.
The Church dignitaries of the time regarded cosmetic surgery as an interference in the affairs of the Almighty. After his death they not only excommunicated Tagliacozzi, but also had his corpse exhumed from its church grave, and placed it in unconsecrated ground. The great Voltaire (1694-1778) wrote a satirical poem on Tagliacozzi and his operation on the nose, using flap from the buttocks.
However, due to the many dangers of surgery in those times, cosmetic surgery was rarely performed until around the 1900’s. The United States first plastic surgeon was Dr. John Peter Mettauer, born in Virginia in 1787, who in 1827 performed the first cleft palate surgery on record with instruments he himself designed.
There are two very broad fields of aesthetic surgery, Cosmetic Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery. Reconstructive surgery, including microsurgery, focuses on undoing or masking the destructive effects of trauma, previous surgery or disease. Examples of such operations are the rebuilding of amputated or damaged arms or legs; repairing cleft palates or lips, badly formed noses, and ears; and reconstructing a breast after mastectomy. Reconstructive surgery may include moving tissue from other parts of the body to the affected area.
Cosmetic surgery however, is an elective surgery, usually done more for aesthetic reasons rather than to repair an injured area. In many cases, however, there are medical reasons for having some procedures done, such as breast reduction (for back pain relief) and Mastopexy (also known as a “breast lift). Cosmetic Surgery includes, but is not limited to, Abdominoplasty, or “tummy tuck”, Blepharoplasty, or “eyelid surgery”, Augmentation Mammaplasty, or "breast enlargement”, and Rhytidectomy, or "face lift".
There are many more procedures not listed here that are commonly performed as well. The top five surgical procedures in 2004 Liposuction (325,000), nose reshaping (305,000), breast augmentation (264,000), eyelid surgery (233,000), and facelift (114,000).
As you can see, Plastic Surgery has a longstanding history across the ages. It has helped not only in the reconstructive plastic surgery field but also has allowed people to feel more comfortable with their bodies and more confident about themselves.
